尼维塔·纳塔拉詹·加夫里利杜
使用膝高 (KH) 预测的身高和半跨度方程来检查由于身高能力不精确而导致的老年人肥胖和营养不足的错误分类程度。横断面研究是在一项名为“斯科讷省的良好老龄化”的一般人群研究(GÅS)中从瑞典南部五个城市的随机异质样本中完成的。样本包括两组:第 1 组(KH)包括 2839 名 GÅS 基线参与者,年龄在 60-93 岁之间,具有有效的 KH 测量值;第 2 组(半跨度)包括 2871 名 GÅS 后续研究参与者(1573 名基线;1298 名新参与者),年龄在 60-99 岁之间,具有有效的半跨度测量值。参与率为 80%。测量了身高、体重、KH 和半跨度。使用直线回归分析以 60-64 岁参与者为参考,制定了 KH 和半跨度方程。体重指数(BMI)以kg/m2计算。
材料与方法
研究人群:在一项纵向、随机、基于一般人群的研究“斯科讷省的美好老龄化”(GÅS)中,对年龄⩾ 60 岁的参与者进行了横断面研究,该研究是瑞典国家老龄化和护理研究 (SNAC) 的一部分。28,29 这项研究涉及来自斯科讷五个市镇的男性和女性的异质样本。国家人口登记处习惯于通过信件随机邀请参与者。邀请了 60、66、72、78、81、84、87、90 和 93 岁的预定目标人群,并对最年轻和最年长的人群进行了过度抽样。样本由两组组成。第一组(第 1 组)包括 2839 名老年参与者(60-93 岁),占随机邀请的一般人群居民的 58%,他们同意参加 2001-2004 年 GÅS 基线调查,并具有有效的 KH 测量值。第二组(第 2 组)包括 2871 名 60-99 岁的参与者,其中 1573 名来自基线,1298 名新参与者参加了 2007-2010 年进行的 GÅS 后续调查(参与率:80%),并且具有有效的半跨度测量值。共有 92 名参与者从第 1 组中排除,490 名参与者从第 2 组中排除,因为他们分别缺少 KH 和半跨度值。
Data collection: All participants were examined at a search center, except if they were frail (home visits), after consent was obtained. Survey, checkup and physical functioning tests were conducted by qualified physicians and nurses. An consent was obtained. The closeended questionnaire investigated sociodemographics, physical, psychological state and social factors. The descriptive variables included age, sex, place of birth, legal status , education, alcohol consumption, smoking habits and physical activity. These data were obtained from the survey. The legal status denoted whether the participants were single, married, divorced or living with a partner. Education was stratified as primary, secondary, higher secondary or university level. Smoking status indicated whether the participants were regular or irregular smokers or had quit smoking. Alcohol frequency included responses as ‘have never drunk’, ‘a few times within the last year but not since last month’ and ‘have had alcohol a couple of times within the last month’. The degree of physical activity was investigated in terms of the degree or intensity of coaching and categorized into barely physically active (‘nothing at all’, ‘very light activity/ mostly sedentary’), mild (‘around 2–4 h a week’), moderate (‘1–2 h a week’), heavy (‘at least 3 h a week’) and really heavy (‘regularly or several times a week’).
RESULTS
There were 2839 participants in group 1 and 2871 participants in group 2, with a mean age of 71 ± 10.4 years (sex difference not significant). Group 1 comprised 44.2% men, 55.8% women, 53.6% married, 13.3% smokers, 24.4% who consumed alcohol a minimum of until last month, 8.3% who were barely physically active, 24.9% who reported moderate activity (1–2 h/week) and three .2% with but primary education. Group 2 included 44.4% men, 55.6% women, 62.4% married, 39.5% smokers, 33.2% who consumed alcohol a minimum of until last month, 6.9% who were barely physically active, 26.4% with moderate activity and 1.7% with but primary education. A sociodemographic evaluation amongst contributors and failures displayed no significant difference (results not shown). Average stature, heaviness, KH, demispan, HeightKH and Heightdemispan are shown in Table 1. Mean measured height decreases by ∼6.2 cm among men and seven .8 cm among women from 60–64 to 85+ years aged. this is often calculated by the typical difference between the mean heights aged groups from 60–64 years to 85+ years in groups 1 and a couple of for men and ladies , respectively. Demispan diminutions later 70–74 years by 2.7 cm in men and 1.5 cm in women. The ratio between KH and Height and therefore the ratio between demispan and Height increase with age among women, however only demispan: Height ratio increases with age among men. Figures 1a and b demonstrates the sex-specific regression equations to estimate the anticipated body height supported KH and DS, respectively.
85 岁以上女性的营养不足患病率为 21.3%(按 BMI 计算),而按 BMI 计算则为 11.3%。BMIKH 估计的男性总体肥胖患病率为 17.5%,女性为 14.6%,低于 BMI。BMI 和 BMIKH 之间的性别差异通常在不同年龄段表现明显。在男性中,这种差异在 80-84 岁时最为明显,在女性中,这种差异早在 70-74 岁时就已明显(按 BMI 计算为 26.2%,按 BMIKH 计算为 17.1%)。80-84 岁男性的 BMIKH 估计值(7.4%)几乎是 BMI 估计值(16.5%)的一半。在 85 岁以上的人群中,BMIKH 肥胖患病率进一步降低(4.9%);也就是说,当 BMI 将十分之一的男性归类为肥胖时,与 BMIKH 相符的是二十分之一。此外,当 80-84 岁的女性中有十分之二根据 BMI 属于肥胖时,只有十分之一符合 BMIKH。为了进行比较,我们尝试使用 Chumlea 的 KH 方程来计算 BMIChumlea。85 岁以上老年女性的营养不足率为 7.3%,而使用 BMIKH 时为 21.3%,使用 BMI 时为 11.3%(结果未显示)。营养普遍性下的 BMI demispan 预计高于 BMI。在男性中,每组两种方法之间的患病率差异很小或没有差异,但 65-69 岁年龄段除外,此时 BMIdemispan 给出的值(2.1%)高于 BMI(1.5%)。然而,在 85 岁以上的女性中,BMIdemispan 估计的营养不足率为 16.5%,而 BMI 估计的营养不足率为 10%。BMIdemispan 估计的男女总体肥胖患病率低于 BMI 估计的肥胖患病率。例如,80-84 岁男性的肥胖患病率分别为 16.7% 和 10.9%(BMI 和 BMIdemispan)。在 75-79 岁老年女性中,BMI 和 BMIdemispan 估计的肥胖患病率分别为 24.6% 和 18.2%(BMI 和 BMIdemispan)。在 85 岁以上的参与者中,BMI 估计的肥胖患病率几乎是 BMIdemispan 估计的肥胖患病率的两倍,在年轻群体中差异很小或没有差异。
该研究部分在2017 年 2 月 20 日至 21 日于德国柏林举行的第九届国际 营养与健康大会上发表。