老年学与老年病学研究

抽象的

Contribution of Surgical Procedures Including Insertions of Implants, Stents, and Pacemakers to Longevity

Girish J Kotwal*

Several factors enhance longevity. Surgical procedures have been carried out increasingly each year for the past two hundred years since Lister experimented with developing sterile techniques to perform them. Today surgeries are performed in outpatient clinics and in hospitals requiring stays ranging from few hours to overnight stay and at times several days stay.