临床研究与生物伦理学杂志

抽象的

Financial Constraints as Grave Ethical for the Developing Countries

Farah Wasaya, Sumera Zulfiqar, Anila Rafiq

Health is the most basic right, as declare by WHO, that should be exercised by all individual of the world without any constraints. However, financial limitations are one of the barriers to access health services in few parts of the world. WHO has estimated that the GDP spent on health in Pakistan is nothing but 2.8%, out of which more than half of the contribution is being made out-of-pocket. This paper aims to illuminate the ethical challenges raised by healthcare providers through harnessing various ethical principles and concepts in a clinical scenario. Moreover, it will further highlight the ethical discussions through the theoretical lens of “Liberal Individualism” versus “Utilitarianism” and the state’s role in Universal Health Coverage (UHC). The overall responsibility for the providence of sufficient health services to each citizen belongs to the state by taking mitigating measures. Few suggestive recommendations could be implemented at multiple levels such as institutional, societal, and national levels to give financial challenges a close attention and reduce disparities thus enhancing positive health outcomes.