生物学和医学

抽象的

Heart Follows Thyroid

Magdalena Potempa  and Paweł Jonczyk

In humans both hyper- and hypothyroidism can have different clinical manifestations. Among these symptoms, there is a numerous group dealing with the cardiovascular system. Thyroid hormones affect the hemodynamic state of organism and regulate expression of some cardiomyocyte structural genes. Thyroid disorders may also contribute to accelerate the underlying heart problems. Unfortunately, since thyroid dysfunction remains undiagnosed, cardiological treatment is not effective enough. In this paper, the authors show and explain the main cardiac consequences of an overactive and underactive thyroid gland. Additionally, some new data about thyroxine application in cardiac remodeling and fetal phenotype creation as a result, are included in this review.