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Main Predictors of Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases: A Review

Pâmela Gama de Freitas1, Helaine Cristina da Costa Vieira1, Natália de Oliveira1, Camila Abreu Carvalho dos Santos1, Idiberto José Zotarelli Filho2*, Leandro Moreira Tempest1,2 and Patrícia Garani Fernandes1,2

Background: Necrotizing periodontal diseases rapidly and aggressively reach the periodontal tissues and are multifactorial and complex. Necrotizing ulcerative gonorrhea (GUN) necrotizing periodontitis (PUN) and necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis (EUN) are the three main modalities of necrotizing periodontal diseases.
Objective: was to report through a literature review the necrotizing periodontal diseases, highlighting its manifestation, diagnosis and means of more conservative treatments, thus reducing the sequelae caused by the disease.
Methods: Experimental and clinical studies were included (case reports, retrospective, prospective and randomized trials) with qualitative and / or quantitative analysis. A total of 30 articles were found involving Periodontal Diseases, Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases, Oral Health, Diabetes mellitus. A total of 21 articles were evaluated in full, and 13 were included and discussed in this study.
Conclusion: It is concluded that necrotizing periodontal diseases are diseases of few occurrences, but are considered the most aggressive form of periodontal diseases. Biofilm is the main cause, but it has to take into account the predisposing factors to have a better diagnosis.