生物能量学：开放获取

抽象的

Neophil long lasting hydrophilic PVDF ultrafiltration in GIGAMEM large modules: Benefits and case studies of Polymem large plants performances Olivier Lorain

Isabelle Duchemin and Jean Michel Espenan Polymem, France

Hollow fiber membranes, with a high packing density and an easy assembly in bundles and modules, are one of the most cost competitive solutions for water membrane filtration, re-use of wastewater, or prefiltration to reverse osmosis. Over the years, the investment and maintenance costs of such membrane systems have dramatically decreased and are now cost competitive with the conventional media filters. This was possible thanks to both module design evolution and associated process improvements. However, since the size of standard modules are today relatively small (from 4 to 12 inches), huge number of modules and huge number of associated connections, pipes and modules supports are necessary for the construction of large plants. It is a drawback for cost reduction which has reached a plateau.