营养失调与治疗杂志

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2015 年营养大会：菊粉纤维摄入对科威特大学女生急性环境下食欲感觉和食物摄入的影响：一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照研究 - Younis A Salmean - 生命科学学院

尤尼斯·萨尔米安

动物研究表明，菊粉（一种可发酵纤维）可减少能量摄入并减轻体重。本研究旨在匹配菊粉补充剂对食欲和食物摄入量的影响。科威特大学招收了 40 名大学年龄女性（20.3±3.7 岁（平均值±标准差）），以双盲方式随机分配到菊粉饮料（16 克/天，溶于 330 毫升水中）或 330 毫升水（安慰剂）组。两种饮料都是等热量的，并装在相同的不透明水瓶中人工调味。每天饮用饮料，连续 7 天（适应期），并在第 8 天在喂食实验室中使用视觉模拟量表 (VAS) 报告食欲状况。全天不同时间点通过 VAS 管理禁食志愿者。两组之间的年龄或体重没有显著差异。与纤维组相比，安慰剂组在午餐时消耗的能量明显更多（670±174 千卡 vs. 554±217 千卡，p<0.05）。VAS 评分表明，与菊粉组相比，安慰剂组在早上对食物的渴望明显更高（p<0.05），并且这种渴望至少持续了 2 小时 45 分钟。安慰剂组的饥饿感和对食物的渴望在一天的早些时候急剧上升，并且在此期间饱腹感和满足感评分也明显较低（p<0.05）。

 

As reviewed before, previous studies suggest that fiber can affect hunger and/or satiety favorably, leading to reduced energy intake. Several animal studies have suggested that consumption of fermentable fibers can increase GLP-1 and proglucagon expression and improve glucose homeostasis. However, to our information, very few, mostly non homogeneous studies with adjustable fiber dosage investigated the impact of ITFs or inulin supplementation on appetite, hunger sensations, and food intake in the adult population. In our study, when participants consumed 16 g/day of ITFs in the morning, the average ratings in their ‘desire to eat’, ‘hunger’, and ‘prospective food consumption’ were significantly lower compared to the control group. In calculation, the fiber group recounted higher ‘fullness’ grades before lunch, signifying a possible impact from the fiber. However, because the adaptation period was a free-living phase, it is difficult to conclude that the observed benefits, although suggested, are due solely to the ITFs since the amount of food consumed from breakfast to lunch is unknown. However, looking at the data from the test day, where settings and food intake were controlled, it appears that consuming 16 g of ITFs in the morning lowered the desire to eat, hunger, and the interest in food consumption, and enhanced fullness and satisfaction for much longer compared to placebo. This is consistent with the findings of Cani et al, who found that 16 g of ITFs promoted satiety in healthy humans.

The impacts on appetite of the participants was thanks to ITF consumption since both groups consumed equal amounts of energy at breakfast (235 ± 18 kcal vs 230 ± 16 kcal) and were housed in exact conditions with minimal physical disturbances. The lingering impact of the ITFs on appetite sensations can explain why the fiber group has consumed 21% fewer calories from food at lunch, since most sensations favorably varies until 155 min post-breakfast, and shortly before lunch is served at 200 min. It is worth noting that the reduced consumption of food by the fiber group meant that they had more time to interact at the table during lunch, which may have led to a pattern of increased liquid consumption, a naturally anticipated response when liquids accompany meals. It would have been more ideal to provide water in place of juice, considering that liquid calories are less likely to elicit a precise dietary compensation response because swallowing does not trigger the internal satiety signal that masticating does.

One reason for previous studies failing to show a positive impact of fiber supplementation on VAS domains could be the use of inhomogeneous subject populations, in particular, a wider physiological age difference. Harrold included subjects with age ranges from 18–65, 1–64, and 20–60 years, respectively. The innate physiological response and magnitude of appetite and energy regulation complexes for older and younger people can be quite different. Anorexigenic signals in older adults prevail over orexigenic signals, contributing to prolonged satiety and inhibition of hunger, which can easily affect VAS reporting in a mixed population of wide physiological age ranges. It is, therefore, suggested that more homogeneous subject populations be used when investigating the impact of fiber on appetite and energy regulation. We designed our study to be practically homogeneous; thus, we enrolled college-age females, which may explain the agreement found in our study with that of Cani et al., where fiber intake had a big impact on satiety in 21–39-year-old participants.

Another probable reason for the contradiction of the results of preceding studies may be the dissimilar doses of ITFs used. The study by Karalus et al. testified no momentous benefits on craving ratings or weight of supplementing the diet with 10 g ITF fiber. The likely explanation for this is often the low fiber doses utilized in the study. The 10 g dose of ITFs isn't likely to supply any marked impact on appetite and hunger sensations. The 16 g of inulin used in our study is likely to be an effective dose to produce meaningful change in appetite sensations, as this amount has been shown to produce favorable changes in appetite sensations, and in appetite-related hormones and peptides.

Our statistics propose an influence on weightiness in the short term. After a week of supplementation, the fiber group saw no significant increase in body weight compared to its baseline, but the control group had a significant increase from its baseline. This is consistent with the findings of Parnell and Reimer, where supplementation with ITFs resulted in a significant reduction in weight in the fiber group while the control group experienced a significant weight gain.

Participants consuming the fiber reported a higher incidence of bloating and flatulence, which was anticipated. Although the incidence was higher among fiber consumers, the fiber was tolerated as no dropouts were reported as a result of supplement use.

In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 16 g/day of ITF fiber in the morning was found to reduce hunger, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption, and to increase fullness and satiety in acute settings, leading to reduced food intake at lunch. These consequences propose that ITF fiber is potentially a useful assistant dietary supplement for curbing appetite and possibly aiding weight management.

Biography

Younis Salmean 是科威特大学营养系的一名教员。Salmean 博士毕业于加州州立大学，获得食品科学和营养学学士学位，随后在佛罗里达大学获得人类营养学硕士和博士学位。他目前的研究兴趣集中在研究纤维和益生元在医学营养疗法中的作用，特别是添加纤维对慢性肾病各种结果以及相关生物标志物的作用。他还专注于研究纤维和益生元在促进健康、保健和生活质量方面可能发挥的作用。

该研究部分成果在 2015 年 10 月 26 日至 28 日于美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥举行的第四届国际营养会议和展览会上发表。